Etymologically
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butler

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Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ˈbʌt.lɚ/; /ˈbʌt.lə(ɹ)/ (UK)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman butiller (“cupbearer”),[2][3][4] a variant of Old French bouteillier (“bottle bearer”),[5][2][4] from bouteille “bottle, wine vessel”.[5][2][4][3] It is related to bottle.[5][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

A servant in charge of the wine cellar who serves the wine (about 1250; as a surname, late 12th century).[2][6][4]

Semantic evolution

The word reflects the job's original duty as chief servant in charge of the wine.[4] At royal courts the butler was an officer who had charge of the wine for the king's table, later a high honorary title (1297).[6] In ordinary households the role gradually grew into that of head servant,[4] who supervises other staff, receives guests and directs the serving of meals.[3][7] The verb buttle is a back-formation.[1]

Timeline

  • 1171 – butiller.[2]
  • c1250 – servant in charge of the wine.[6][2]
  • 1297 – royal officer in charge of the wine.[6]
  • 1742 – verb, to be served by a butler.[6]

Modern meaning

Noun

  1. The chief male servant of a household, in charge of serving food, the silver and the other staff.
  2. A manservant in charge of the wines and liquors.

Word family

  • butlerlike
  • butlership
  • butlerage
  • underbutler
  • buttle
  • silent butler
  • bottle

References

  1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Barnhart, Robert K., ed. (1995), The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, New York: HarperCollins
  3. ^ a b c Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (2003), 11th ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  5. ^ a b c The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (1992), 3rd ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin
  6. ^ a b c d e Simpson, J. A.; Weiner, E. S. C., eds. (1989), The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press
  7. ^ Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1999), 2nd ed., New York: Random House