Etymologically
Log in

boxer

This is the current revision of this entry, as edited by bogdan on 22 October 2026 at 22:03. This address is a permanent link to this version.
Changes in this edit History

English has several nouns boxer, from separate sources: one formed on the verb box, to fight with the fists, and one formed on box, a container, for someone who packs boxes and for a kind of hat.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • /ˈbɑksɚ/[3]
  • UK: /ˈbɒksə/[3]

boxer1 fighter

Etymology

It was formed from English box + -er, from the verb box, to fight with the fists,[1][4][5][6] whose own origin is unknown.[7] The dog breed was named in German: Boxer (by 1895) is short for Boxerhund (1842), whose first element is perhaps the English word, given for the dog's supposed fighting nature and its face;[1][2][7] English took it back from German.[5][7] The name of the Boxers of China is an approximate translation of the Chinese name of their secret society, meaning "righteous harmonious fists",[2][8][4][7] itself an alteration of an earlier name meaning "righteous harmonious band".[2][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

A person who fights with the fists: 1672, in John Phillips's Maronides;[1] Merriam-Webster dates it to 1673,[2] and Etymonline to the late 15th century.[5]

Semantic evolution

The word was soon used especially of someone who boxes as a sport or a profession.[1][9] From the machine's left-and-right motion, which suggested a boxer's arms, it named a swaying type of steam locomotive (1855), and later, after German Boxermotor, an engine with horizontally opposed pistons (1935).[1] With a capital letter it named the members of a Chinese secret society that rose against foreigners in China in 1900, recorded from 1899.[1][2] In Australia and New Zealand the boxer runs a game of two-up and holds the stakes (1900),[1][10] and in the American underworld it meant a safecracker (1931).[10] The dog breed is recorded in English from 1903,[1] and was first shown in the United States in 1914.[5] Boxer shorts, named after the shorts worn in the ring, date from 1943 in Etymonline,[5] and the plural boxers from 1946.[1]

Timeline

  • 1672 – a person who fights with the fists.[1]
  • 1855 – a type of steam locomotive.[1]
  • 1899 – a member of a Chinese secret society.[1][2]
  • 1900 – (Australia and New Zealand) the keeper of a game of two-up.[1][10]
  • 1903 – the dog breed.[1]
  • 1931 – (US underworld slang) a safecracker.[10]
  • 1935 – an engine with horizontally opposed pistons.[1]
  • 1943 – boxer shorts.[5]

Modern meaning

Noun

  1. A person who takes part in the sport of boxing: The young boxer won his first professional fight.
  2. A medium-sized dog of a smooth-coated breed of the bulldog type, first bred in Germany.
  3. (history) A member of a Chinese secret society that led a rebellion against foreigners in China in 1900.
  4. boxers (plural): loose underpants for men; boxer shorts.
  5. An engine in which the pistons move in opposite directions in horizontal cylinders.
  6. (Australia and New Zealand) The person who runs a game of two-up.

Word family

  • boxer shorts
  • boxer briefs
  • kickboxer
  • shadowboxer
  • Boxer Rebellion

boxer2 packer; hat

Etymology

It was formed from English box + -er, from the noun box, a container, or the verb box, to put in a box.[1][4][2] The hat was probably named from the box hat, although that term is recorded slightly later.[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

A person who puts things in boxes: 1546, in John Bale's First Examinacyon of Anne Askew.[1][4]

Semantic evolution

The word is now used mostly of someone who packs goods for transport and sale.[1] Merriam-Webster also records a worker who cuts cavities in trees to collect sap or resin, from 1871.[2] In Australia and New Zealand a boxer was a bowler hat from 1863, a use now rare;[1][2][10] in Westmorland and Gloucestershire dialect it was a tall hat.[11][1]

Timeline

  • 1546 – a person who puts things in boxes.[1]
  • 1863 – (Australia and New Zealand) a bowler hat.[1]
  • 1871 – a worker who taps trees for sap or resin.[2]
  • 1877 – (English dialect) a tall hat.[1][11]

Modern meaning

Noun

  1. A person or machine that packs things in boxes.
  2. (Australia and New Zealand, now rare) A bowler hat.
  3. (English dialect) A tall hat.
  • box
  • boxing
  • pugilist

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Oxford English Dictionary Online (accessed March 2026), Oxford: Oxford University Press
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (2024), online ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
  3. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  4. ^ a b c d Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles (2002), 5th ed., ed. William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  5. ^ a b c d e f Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  6. ^ a b Klein, Ernest. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1966–1967.
  7. ^ a b c d Ayto, John (2005), Word Origins: The Secret Histories of English Words from A to Z, 2nd ed., London: A & C Black
  8. ^ Collins English Dictionary (2023), Glasgow: HarperCollins
  9. ^ Johnson, Samuel (1755), A Dictionary of the English Language, London; 4th ed. 1773; Johnson's Dictionary Online, ed. Beth Rapp Young et al.
  10. ^ a b c d e Green, Jonathon (2010), Green's Dictionary of Slang, London: Chambers; digital ed. 2016–, https://greensdictofslang.com
  11. ^ a b Wright, Joseph, ed. (1898–1905), The English Dialect Dictionary, 6 vols., Oxford: Henry Frowde; via EDD Online 4.0, University of Innsbruck (CC BY 4.0)