anbieten
Pronunciation
- /ˈʔanbiːtn̩/, /ˈʔanbiːtən/[1]
Forms
anbieten (class 2 strong, third-person singular present bietet an, past tense bot an, past participle angeboten, past subjunctive böte an, auxiliary haben)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Middle High German anebieten, formed from German an- + bieten.[2][1][3] The same formation is Old Saxon anbiodan, Middle Low German anbēden, Old English onbēodan and Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (anabiudan, “to command”).[3]
The verb bieten is Middle High German bieten, Old High German biotan, Proto-Germanic *beudaną, also in Old Norse bjóða and Old English bēodan.[4][5] It continues Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be aware, awake”), with widely different meanings in the other languages: Sanskrit बोधति (bódhati, “wakes, notices, understands”), Ancient Greek πεύθομαι (peúthomai, “I learn, inquire”) and Lithuanian bùsti (“to wake up”).[4][5][2] Kluge suggests that “to make aware” shifted to the Germanic sense “to offer” through prefixed and particle verbs, but the steps cannot be traced exactly.[4]
Earliest recorded meaning
The earliest quotation in the revised Grimm dictionary is from the Middle High German Genesis of about 1120/30, where the children of God and of the devil ir minne buten si ein andir an “offered each other their love”.[3] Hartmann's Iwein (about 1200) has the host offering his daughter and his land.[3]
Semantic evolution
In older usage it often meant to offer help, food or drink without asking for anything in return, and was used of God's grace held out to man; it could also be said of blows, “to threaten”.[3] Jemandem seine Hand anbieten meant to propose marriage.[3] Early New High German also had legal and mining senses, “to summon”, “to command” and “to hand someone over”.[6] The commercial sense “to offer for sale” was early too.[7][6] The noun Angebot is recorded in 1738 and later appears in the phrase Angebot und Nachfrage “supply and demand”.[7] The impersonal reflexive etwas bietet sich an “suggests itself” is more recent.[7]
Timeline
- c. 1120/30 – The Middle High German Genesis uses an … bieten “to offer”.[3]
- c. 1200 – Hartmann's Iwein has a host offering his daughter and land.[3]
- 1738 – The noun Angebot is recorded.[7]
Meanings
Verb
- To offer, to make something available to someone: Sie bot ihm ihre Hilfe an.[8][1]
- To offer food or drink to a guest: Darf ich Ihnen einen Tee anbieten?[8]
- To propose, suggest: jemandem das Du anbieten, to suggest using the familiar du.[8]
- To offer goods for sale or rent: Der Händler bietet frisches Gemüse an.[8][1]
- (reflexive) To offer oneself for a purpose: Er bot sich als Fahrer an.[8]
- (reflexive) To suggest itself; to be suitable: Der Park bietet sich für ein Picknick an.[8][1]
Word family
- Anbieter
- Angebot
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b Duden. Das Herkunftswörterbuch: Etymologie der deutschen Sprache (2020), 6th ed., Duden vol. 7, Berlin: Dudenverlag, p. 148
- ^ a b c d e f g h Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm, Neubearbeitung (1965–2018), ed. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 9 vols. (A–F), Leipzig / Stuttgart: Hirzel, p. 2, 766
- ^ a b c Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 121
- ^ a b Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
- ^ a b Anderson, Robert R.; Goebel, Ulrich; Reichmann, Oskar, eds. (1989–), Frühneuhochdeutsches Wörterbuch, Berlin / New York: De Gruyter; FWB-online, fwb-online.de
- ^ a b c d Paul, Hermann (2002), Deutsches Wörterbuch: Bedeutungsgeschichte und Aufbau unseres Wortschatzes, 10th ed., ed. Helmut Henne, Heidrun Kämper and Georg Objartel, Tübingen: Niemeyer
- ^ a b c d e f Duden. Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache in zehn Bänden (1999), 3rd ed., Mannheim: Dudenverlag