Etymologically
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толикъ

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Forms

толикъ (tolikŭ), long form толикꙑи (tolikyi), pronominal adjective[1][2] Adverb толико (toliko), “so much, insofar”.[3]

Etymology

It is a Common Slavic formation from Proto-Slavic *to- (“that”), the demonstrative pronoun stem, with the particle *li and the suffix *-kъ.[4] The same word is Old East Slavic толико (toliko, “so much, only”), Bulgarian толко (tolko, “so much”), Serbo-Croatian tòliko (“so much”), Slovene tȯ́lik (“so big”), Czech tolik (“so much”) and Slovak toliký (“so great”).[4] Vasmer discusses it under Russian только (tólʹko, “only”).[4]

OCS has the bare толи (“to that point”), толь (“so much”) and тольми from the same stem and particle.[4] Vasmer compares the formation with Ancient Greek τηλίκος (tēlíkos, “so great”) and Latin tālis (“such”).[4] Sadnik and Aitzetmüller put the stem in the family of the demonstrative pronoun тъ, whose cognates are Lithuanian tas (“that”), tóks (“such”) and Ancient Greek τό (tó).[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the oldest Gospel manuscripts толикъ translates Ancient Greek τοσοῦτος (tosoûtos, “so great”): ні въ ꙇ‹здраи›л҄и толикоѩ вѣрꙑ не обрѣтъ “not even in Israel have I found such faith” (L 7, 9 Zogr Mar), where the Assemanianus, the Savvina kniga and the Ostromir Gospel have толикꙑ.[2][1] The SNSP counts 87 uses in the oldest manuscripts, and TOROT 57 in the Codex Suprasliensis.[1][6]

Semantic evolution

The canonical texts use the word for size or degree, translating τοσοῦτος and Ancient Greek τηλικοῦτος (tēlikoûtos), and in the plural for number, “so many”, as in толика же знамениѣ сътворьшю емоу “though he had done so many signs” (J 12, 37 Zogr Mar As Ostr).[2][1] With да or ꙗкоже it forms a result clause, “so great that”, rendering τοσοῦτος … ὥστε, as in the Codex Suprasliensis.[2][1] The phrase на толицѣ (ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον) means “to such an extent”.[1][3]

Later Church Slavonic kept the word: Miklosich cites it with a genitive, “so much of”, from Serbian and Russian manuscripts, and Giltebrandt lists its New Testament uses, from ни во і҆и҃ли толи́ки вѣ́ры ѡ҆брѣто́хъ (Mt 8, 10) to хлѣ́би толи́цы (Mt 15, 33).[7][8]

Timeline

  • End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – толикъ renders τηλικοῦτος and τοσοῦτος in the South Slavic liturgical texts of the western regions of the First Bulgarian Empire.[9]
  • 14th century – it renders τοσοῦτος in a Middle Bulgarian translation of the Athos–Tărnovo tradition.[9]
  • 1882–1885 – Giltebrandt lists every New Testament use of the word in Church Slavonic.[8]

Meanings

Pronominal adjective

  1. So great, so big, such; for τοσοῦτος, τηλικοῦτος.[2][1]
  2. With да or ꙗкоже: so great that; for τοσοῦτος … ὥστε.[2][1]
  3. In the plural: so many, so numerous; for τοσοῦτος.[2][3]
  • тъ
  • толи
  • толь
  • тольми
  • таковъ
  • Russian только (tólʹko)

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
  3. ^ a b c Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton
  4. ^ a b c d e Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 4, 74–75
  5. ^ Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 323
  6. ^ Eckhoff, Hanne M.; Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs et al., TOROT: The Tromsø Old Russian and OCS Treebank, release 20200116, torottreebank.github.io
  7. ^ Miklosich, Franz (1862–1865), Lexicon palaeoslovenico-graeco-latinum emendatum auctum, Vindobonae: Braumüller
  8. ^ a b Gil'tebrandt, P. A. (1882–1885), Spravočnyj i ob''jasnitel'nyj slovar' k Novomu Zavetu, 6 vols., Sankt-Peterburg
  9. ^ a b SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de