Etymologically
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разоумѣти

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Forms

разоумѣти (razuměti) pf[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Slavic *orzuměti (“to understand”), from Proto-Slavic *orz- + *uměti (“to know how”).[1] Within the language it is from Old Church Slavonic раз- (raz-) + оумѣти (uměti).[1][2] The same word is Ukrainian розуміти (rozumíty), Bulgarian разумея (razuméja), Serbo-Croatian razùmeti, Czech rozumět and Polish rozumieć.[1]

The verb belongs to the family of оумъ, mind, from Proto-Slavic *umъ and Proto-Balto-Slavic *aum-, which Derksen derives from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-, the root of Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”).[3][1] Its Baltic relative is Lithuanian aumuo (“understanding”), and Sadnik–Aitzetmüller and Vasmer also connect ꙗвити, to reveal.[2][3][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Codex Zographensis and the Codex Marianus the verb renders Ancient Greek συνίημι (suníēmi, “to understand”): тъгда разоумѣшѧ ѣко рече храните сѧ не от кваса хлѣбънааго нъ отъ оучениѣ фарисеиска “then they understood that he had told them to beware not of the leaven of bread but of the teaching of the Pharisees” (Mt 16, 12).[5] The Psalterium Sinaiticum uses it in the same sense, and for being wise: паче старець разоумѣхъ “I understood more than the elders” (Ps 118, 100).[5][6]

Semantic evolution

The SJS divides the senses into understanding, with reflexive разоумѣти сѧ “to mean, to be understood” in the text the SJS cites as Bes, and absolute use for becoming wise, knowing and recognizing, for Ancient Greek γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō) and Ancient Greek ἐπιγιγνώσκω (epigignṓskō) (L 23, 7), with an imperfective sense “to know how, to be able”, and perceiving or noticing, as in разоумѣ тѣломь “she felt in her body” (Mc 5, 29).[5] Schumann takes its use for Ancient Greek κατανοέω (katanoéō, “to look at, to observe”) in the Psalterium Sinaiticum as a semantic loan from Greek.[7] The SJS records the verb as both perfective and imperfective.[5]

Later Church Slavonic kept these senses: Dyachenko cites it for feeling (Mc 5, 29) and for coming to know, and Giltebrandt lists it in the New Testament for γινώσκειν, συνιέναι, νοεῖν and other Greek verbs of knowing.[8][9] Russian разум (rázum) is a Church Slavonic loan beside the native розум.[10]

Timeline

  • End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – the Euchologium Sinaiticum uses разоумѣти for νοεῖν, γιγνώσκειν and ἐπιγιγνώσκειν.[11]
  • 14th century – the Serbian Athonite translation of Gregory of Nyssa uses it for συνίημι, νοέω and κατανοέω.[11]
  • 1882–1885 – Giltebrandt lists its New Testament uses in Church Slavonic.[9]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To understand, to comprehend; for συνιέναι, νοεῖν.[5][6][1]
  2. (reflexive) To mean, to be understood.[5]
  3. (absolute) To become wise, to have understanding; for συνιέναι, γιγνώσκειν.[5][6]
  4. To recognize, to come to know, to find out; for γιγνώσκειν, ἐπιγιγνώσκειν.[5]
  5. To realize, to be aware of.[5]
  6. (imperfective) To know how, to be able.[5]
  7. To perceive, to notice, to feel; for αἰσθάνεσθαι, κατανοεῖν.[5][7]

Word family

  • разоумѣниѥ
  • разоумѣвати
  • поразоумѣти
  • проразоумѣвати
  • оумъ
  • оумѣти
  • разоумъ
  • Russian разуметь (razumétʹ)

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 325
  3. ^ a b Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 508
  4. ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 4, 161
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
  6. ^ a b c Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
  7. ^ a b Schumann, Kurt (1958), Die griechischen Lehnbildungen und Lehnbedeutungen im Altbulgarischen, Veröffentlichungen der Abteilung für slavische Sprachen und Literaturen des Osteuropa-Instituts an der Freien Universität Berlin 16, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, p. 53
  8. ^ D'jačenko, Grigorij (1899), Polnyj cerkovno-slavjanskij slovar', Moskva
  9. ^ a b Gil'tebrandt, P. A. (1882–1885), Spravočnyj i ob''jasnitel'nyj slovar' k Novomu Zavetu, 6 vols., Sankt-Peterburg
  10. ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 3, 435
  11. ^ a b SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de