Etymologically
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прѣбꙑти

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Forms

прѣбꙑти (prěbyti) pf[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Old Church Slavonic прѣ- (prě-) + бꙑти (byti, “to be”), the verb "to be" with a prefix.[1] ESJS lists it among the derivatives of the simple verb, with the senses "to stay for a while, to persevere, to remain".[2] Sadnik and Aitzetmüller place it in the large family headed by абꙑ.[3]

The simple verb is inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti (“to be”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei and Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-.[1][4] Its relatives outside Slavic include Lithuanian būti (“to be”), Ancient Greek φύομαι (phúomai, “to grow, become”) and the perfect Latin fuī (“I was”).[3][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospels of the Codex Zographensis, the Codex Marianus and the Codex Assemanianus it renders Ancient Greek μένω (ménō, “to stay, remain”), as in the visit to Samaria: и прѣбꙑстъ тоу дъва дьни "and he stayed there two days" (J 4, 40).[5][6] The same manuscripts use it for the Sodom that "would have remained until this day" (Mt 11, 23).[5]

Semantic evolution

The SJS divides its senses into living or staying somewhere for a time, spending or lasting out a stretch of time (Supr 265, 5, a night spent standing on the ice, for Ancient Greek διάγω (diágō)), remaining and persevering, and, of time itself, passing by.[6] Besides μένω it translates a long series of compounds of that verb, ἐπιμένω, προσμένω, διαμένω, παραμένω, ἐμμένω and καταμένω, and verbs such as διατελέω and καρτερέω.[6][5] The Codex Suprasliensis has it 38 times in the TOROT treebank.[7] Later Serbian translations keep the pairing with μένω, παραμένω and διαμένω, with the imperfective прѣбꙑвати beside it.[8]

Timeline

  • End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – the word is used in a patristic translation from the western regions of the First Bulgarian Empire.[8]
  • 14th century – the Serbian Athonite translation of Gregory of Nyssa uses it for μένω, παραμένω and διαμένω.[8]
  • Up to the beginning of the 15th century – a Serbian translation of patristic texts from the Rila monastery uses it for μένω.[8]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To live or stay somewhere for a time; for μένω, ἐπιμένω, προσμένω.[6][5][1]
  2. To spend or last out a period of time; for διάγω, παραμένω.[6][5]
  3. To remain, abide, persevere; for μένω, ἐμμένω, διαμένω.[6][5][1]
  4. Of time: to pass, go by; for διαγίγνομαι.[6]

Word family

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ Havlová, Eva; Erhart, Adolf; Janyšková, Ilona (eds.) (1989–2022), Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, 21 fascicles, Praha: Academia / Brno: Tribun EU, p. 88
  3. ^ a b Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 219
  4. ^ a b Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 71
  5. ^ a b c d e f Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
  7. ^ Eckhoff, Hanne M.; Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs et al., TOROT: The Tromsø Old Russian and OCS Treebank, release 20200116, torottreebank.github.io
  8. ^ a b c d SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de