прѣбꙑвати

Forms

прѣбꙑвати (prěbyvati) impf^[1] Present прѣбꙑваѭ (prěbyvajǫ), прѣбꙑваѥши (prěbyvaješi).^[2]

Etymology

It is formed from Old Church Slavonic прѣ- (prě-) + бꙑвати (byvati, “to be, to become”).^[1] ESJS lists it among the derivatives of бꙑти, beside the perfective прѣбꙑти.^[3] The simple verb is from Proto-Slavic *byvati (“to be, to happen”), a byform of *byti with the suffix *-vati.^[1][4]

The same simple verb is Russian бывать (byvátʹ), Bulgarian бивам (bívam), Serbo-Croatian bívati, Slovene bívati, Czech bývat and Polish bywać, and outside Slavic Lithuanian buvóti (“to be”).^[4][1] It goes back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, to become”).^[1][4] Sadnik and Aitzetmüller name as cognates būti (“to be”), Ancient Greek φύομαι (phúomai, “I grow”) and Latin fuī (“I have been”).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospel of John the Codex Zographensis and the Codex Marianus use it for Ancient Greek μένω (ménō, “to remain”): о‹ть›ць же прѣбꙑваѩі въ мьнѣ “but the Father who dwells in me” (J 14, 10), and of the Spirit съходѧшть ꙇ прѣбꙑваѭшть на н҄емь “descending and remaining on him” (J 1, 33).^[6] In Luke the same manuscripts have въ томьже домоу прѣбꙑваꙇте “stay in the same house” (L 10, 7).^[2]

Semantic evolution

The SJS divides the canonical uses into dwelling or living somewhere, for μένειν, Ancient Greek αὐλίζομαι (aulízomai) and Ancient Greek κατοικέω (katoikéō), and remaining, lasting or persevering, for Ancient Greek διαμένω (diaménō), Ancient Greek προσκαρτερέω (proskarteréō) and many other Greek verbs.^[6][2] With a present participle it means to keep doing something, and its own present participle is used as an adjective, “lasting”, as in брашъно прѣбꙑваѭщее въ животѣ вѣчьнѣемь “the food which endures to eternal life” (J 6, 27 Mar Zogr).^[2][6] The Euchologium Sinaiticum also has it for Ancient Greek παραμένω (paraménō) and Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai).^[7] The SNSP counts more than 100 uses in the oldest manuscripts, and TOROT 54 in the Codex Suprasliensis.^[2][8]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – прѣбꙑвати renders παραμένειν in the Euchologium Sinaiticum.^[7]
• 14th century – the Serbian Athonite translation of Gregory of Nyssa uses it for μένω, ἐπιδιαμένω and ἐνδιαιτάομαι.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. To dwell, to live, to stay somewhere; for μένειν, αὐλίζεσθαι, κατοικεῖν.^[6][2][1]
2. To remain, to last, to persevere; for μένειν, διαμένειν, προσκαρτερεῖν.^[6][2][9]
3. (present participle) Lasting, permanent; for μένων.^[6]

Word family

• прѣбꙑваниѥ
• съпрѣбꙑвати

Related words

• бꙑти
• бꙑвати
• прѣбꙑти

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
3. ^ Havlová, Eva; Erhart, Adolf; Janyšková, Ilona (eds.) (1989–2022), Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, 21 fascicles, Praha: Academia / Brno: Tribun EU, p. 88
4. ^ a b c Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 72
5. ^ Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 219
6. ^ a b c d e f Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
7. ^ a b c SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de
8. ^ Eckhoff, Hanne M.; Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs et al., TOROT: The Tromsø Old Russian and OCS Treebank, release 20200116, torottreebank.github.io
9. ^ Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton