Etymologically
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приходити

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Forms

приходити (prixoditi) impf; present прихождѫ, приходиши[1]

Etymology

It is from Old Church Slavonic при- (pri-) + ходити (xoditi, “to go, walk”), which ESJS lists among the prefixed verbs of ходити, with the iterative прихаждати and the nouns приходъ and прихождениѥ.[2][3] Its perfective partner is приити.[1]

The simple verb continues Proto-Slavic *xoditi (“to go, walk”), a word of all the Slavic languages: Russian ходить (xoditʹ), Bulgarian ходя (hódja), Serbo-Croatian hòditi, Slovene hóditi, Czech chodit and Polish chodzić.[2][4][5] Most etymologists connect it with Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “road, way”) and Indo-Iranian verbs of going, from an Indo-European root Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to go”), with the o-grade *sod-.[2][6][3][4][5] The initial x is explained as the outcome of an older s after prefixes ending in i or u, such as при- itself and оу-, where the ruki rule changed it.[4][6][3] Kortlandt, as Derksen reports, assumes that *xoditi replaced an older reduplicated present, which would explain why Winter's law did not apply.[4]

Whether this root is the same as *sed- “to sit” is disputed: some scholars derive “go” from “sit”, while ESJS, following Meillet, prefers two homonymous roots, kept apart by the ablaut and by the change of *s to *x.[2][5][6] ESJS and Vasmer reject Brückner's comparison with Latin and Lithuanian words and Machek's and Budimir's link with Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐍅𐍉 (gatwō, “street”).[2][6][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospel manuscripts it means to come or approach, for Ancient Greek προσέρχομαι (prosérkhomai, “to come to, approach”) and Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to come”), as in не дѣꙇте дѣтиі • приходити къ мⸯнѣ “do not prevent the children from coming to me” (L 18, 16 Zogr Mar) and бѣахѫ бо приходѧштеі • ꙇ оходѧштеи мнози “for many were coming and going” (Mc 6, 31 Zogr).[1][7]

Semantic evolution

The SJS and the SNSP list a long series of Greek verbs behind it, mostly compounds of “come” and “go”, and the phrase из оутра or рано приходити translates Ancient Greek ὀρθρίζω (orthrízō, “to rise early”), as in и вьси людие из оутра прихождаахѫ къ немоу “and all the people came to him early in the morning” (L 21, 38 Mar).[7][1] Sadnik–Aitzetmüller also give a figurative sense, to come to meet someone.[8] It is common in the Codex Suprasliensis, where TOROT counts 45 uses.[9]

In later Church Slavonic Giltebrandt lists it for Ancient Greek παραγίγνομαι (paragígnomai, “to arrive”) and ἔρχεσθαι in the New Testament, from Тогда̀ прихо́дитъ і҆и҃съ (Mt 3, 13) on.[10]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To come, to arrive; for ἔρχεσθαι, παραγίγνεσθαι.[7][1][8]
  2. To approach, to come up to someone; for προσέρχεσθαι, προσιέναι.[7][1]
  3. (with из оутра, рано) To come early in the morning; for ὀρθρίζειν.[1]

Word family

  • приходъ
  • прихождениѥ
  • новоприходити
  • приити

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
  2. ^ a b c d e Havlová, Eva; Erhart, Adolf; Janyšková, Ilona (eds.) (1989–2022), Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, 21 fascicles, Praha: Academia / Brno: Tribun EU, p. 222
  3. ^ a b c d Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 243
  4. ^ a b c d Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 202
  5. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  6. ^ a b c d Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 4, 252–253
  7. ^ a b c d Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
  8. ^ a b Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton
  9. ^ Eckhoff, Hanne M.; Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs et al., TOROT: The Tromsø Old Russian and OCS Treebank, release 20200116, torottreebank.github.io
  10. ^ Gil'tebrandt, P. A. (1882–1885), Spravočnyj i ob''jasnitel'nyj slovar' k Novomu Zavetu, 6 vols., Sankt-Peterburg