отъврѣщи

Forms

отъврѣщи (otŭvrěšti) pf^[1] Present отъврьгѫ (otŭvrĭgǫ), отъврьжеши (otŭvrĭžeši); also spelt отъврѣшти.^[2][1]

Etymology

It is formed from Old Church Slavonic отъ- (otŭ-) + врѣщи (vrěšti, “to throw”).^[1][3] The simple verb is from Proto-Slavic *verťi (“to throw”), which Derksen writes *vergti; it survives in Serbo-Croatian vȑći (“to put, to throw”), Slovene vrẹ́či (“to throw”) and Ukrainian вергти (vérhty).^[1][4]

Derksen derives it from Proto-Indo-European *wergʷ- and compares Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (wairpan, “to throw”), explaining the Germanic labial, after LIV, by assimilation to the initial w.^[4][1] Sadnik and Aitzetmüller, after Vasmer, connect it with Sanskrit वर्जति (várjati, “to turn”) and Latin vergō (“to bend, to turn”), with no sure further link.^[3][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Sermon on the Mount the Codex Zographensis has оусѣце ѭ • ꙇ отъвръзи отъ себе “cut it off and cast it from you” (Mt 5, 30), for Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”), where the Codex Marianus has the simple връзи.^[5] With the reflexive pronoun it is Peter's denial in all the oldest Gospels, три кратꙑ отъвръжеши сѧ мене “you will deny me three times” (Mt 26, 34 Zogr Mar As Sav Ostr), for Ancient Greek ἀπαρνέομαι (aparnéomai, “to deny”).^[5]

Semantic evolution

The physical sense, “to throw away”, translates Ancient Greek ἀπορρίπτω (aporríptō) and Ancient Greek ἀποβάλλω (apobállō), as in отъвръзѣмъ отъ насъ иго іхъ “let us cast away their yoke from us” (Ps 2, 3 Sin).^[5][2] The figurative “to reject, to refuse” renders Ancient Greek ἀθετέω (athetéō), Ancient Greek ἀρνέομαι (arnéomai) and others, and with a genitive or отъ the verb means “to deprive of”.^[5][2][5] The reflexive отъврѣщи сѧ is “to deny, to renounce”, “to turn away”, with an infinitive “to refuse to” imitating Ancient Greek παραιτέομαι (paraitéomai), and once, in the Psalter, “to break faith” for Ancient Greek ἀσυνθετέω (asunthetéō) (Ps 77, 57).^[5] Sadnik and Aitzetmüller add “to take leave” in Luke 9, 61.^[6][1] The SNSP counts more than 200 uses in the oldest manuscripts.^[2]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – отъврѣщи renders ἀπαρνεῖσθαι, ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἀπορρίπτειν and ἀθετεῖν in the Euchologium Sinaiticum.^[7]
• 14th century – the Serbian Athonite translation of Gregory of Nyssa uses it for ἀπόβλητος.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. To throw away, to cast off; for βάλλειν, ἀπορρίπτειν, ἀποβάλλειν.^[5][2][1]
2. To reject, to refuse; for ἀθετεῖν, ἀποβάλλειν, ἀρνεῖσθαι.^[5][2][1]
3. To deprive someone of something.^[5]
4. (reflexive) To deny, to renounce; for ἀπαρνεῖσθαι, ἀρνεῖσθαι.^[5][2][1]
5. (reflexive, with an infinitive) To refuse to; for παραιτεῖσθαι, ἀπαναίνεσθαι.^[5]
6. (reflexive) To turn away; to break faith; for ἀσυνθετεῖν.^[5]
7. (reflexive) To take leave, to say farewell.^[6][1]

Word family

• отъвръжениѥ

Related words

• врѣщи
• въврѣщи
• възврѣщи
• вꙑврѣщи
• изврѣщи
• низъврѣщи
• поврѣщи
• съврѣщи

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
3. ^ a b Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 334
4. ^ a b Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 515
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
6. ^ a b Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton
7. ^ a b SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de