зависть

Forms

зависть (zavistĭ) f, i-stem^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Slavic *zavistь (“envy”), formed from *za- and the root of *viděti (“to see”).^[1][2] The Bulgarian etymological dictionary explains it as the prefixed root with the suffix *-tь, the cluster dt becoming st, as in Bulgarian пропаст (propast).^[2] The same word is Russian зависть (zavistʹ), Bulgarian завист (zavist), Serbo-Croatian závist, Slovene zavīst, Czech závist, Polish zawiść and Upper Sorbian zawisć.^[2][1] Church Slavonic gave Old Romanian zavistie (“envy, intrigue”).^[2]

*viděti is from Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiˀdēˀtei and Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”).^[1][3] Wiktionary compares the root of *zavistь with Latin invidia (“envy”),^[1] and Sadnik and Aitzetmüller cite Lithuanian pavydėti (“to envy, begrudge”) for the same sense, with videō (“to see”) and Ancient Greek ἰδεῖν (ideîn, “to see”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Gospels of the Codex Zographensis, the Codex Marianus, the Codex Assemanianus and the Savvina kniga have it for Ancient Greek φθόνος (phthónos, “envy”) in Pilate's insight вѣдѣаше бо ѣко зависти ради прѣдашѧ и "for he knew that they had handed him over out of envy" (Mt 27, 18), and in the same words at Mc 15, 10.^[5][6]

Semantic evolution

Besides envy, for φθόνος and βασκανία, the word renders Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, jealousy”), and in the Psalter and the Prophets it means zeal, as in завистъ домоу твоего снѣсть мѧ "zeal for your house has consumed me" (Ps 68, 10), where the Psalterium Sinaiticum has жалость.^[5] The phrase зависть имꙑ "having envy" is in the Codex Suprasliensis "one who is envied", for ὁ φθονούμενος (Supr 403, 5).^[5][6] Dyachenko records both "envy" and "zeal, jealousy" in later Church Slavonic,^[7] and Giltebrandt lists its New Testament uses for φθόνος and ζῆλος.^[8]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – the word renders ζῆλος in the Euchologium Sinaiticum.^[9]
• 14th century – the Serbian Athonite translation of Gregory of Nyssa uses it for φθόνος.^[9]
• 1882–1885 – Giltebrandt lists its New Testament uses for φθόνος and ζῆλος.^[8]

Meanings

Noun

1. envy, jealousy; for φθόνος, βασκανία, ζῆλος.^[5][6][1]
2. zeal, ardour; for ζῆλος.^[5][7]

Word family

• завистьливъ
• завистьникъ
• независтьнъ

Related words

• завидѣти
• завида
• видѣти
• ненависть

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Georgiev, Vladimir I. et al. (eds.) (1971–), Bălgarski etimologičen rečnik, Sofija: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata akademija na naukite, p. 1, 575
3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 521
4. ^ Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 330
5. ^ a b c d e Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
6. ^ a b c Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
7. ^ a b D'jačenko, Grigorij (1899), Polnyj cerkovno-slavjanskij slovar', Moskva
8. ^ a b Gil'tebrandt, P. A. (1882–1885), Spravočnyj i ob''jasnitel'nyj slovar' k Novomu Zavetu, 6 vols., Sankt-Peterburg
9. ^ a b SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de