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вьсь

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вьсь1 all, every

Forms

вьсь (vĭsĭ)[1] The oldest manuscripts also write it въс-, вⸯс-, вес- and вс-.[2]

Etymology

The pronoun “all” is inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьśь (“all”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wišas, from Proto-Indo-European *wi-so-s, which Wiktionary derives from *wí (“apart, in two”).[1] Derksen reconstructs *wiṣos and *uiso-.[1][3] The same word is Russian весь (vesʹ), Ukrainian увесь (uvesʹ), Serbo-Croatian sȁv and Slovene vès, and Old Czech and Old Polish had it too.[3][4]

Vasmer points out that the Slavic forms can only go back to *vьxъ, *vьxa and *vьxo, and that the ѣ in the dative, instrumental and locative plural endings shows an old o-stem.[4] Derksen suggests that the word started from a locative plural form, and explains the ś as an older x fronted by the progressive palatalization.[3] Old Novgorod documents still show the x, as in the feminine accusative Old East Slavic вьху (vĭxu).[3][4] Its relatives are Lithuanian visas, Latvian viss and Old Prussian wissa (“all”), and further Proto-Indo-Iranian *wíćwas.[3][5][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

It renders Ancient Greek πᾶς (pâs, “all, every”) and Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”) in all the canonical manuscripts, as in отъвѣштавааше иоанъ вьсѣмъ глаголѧ “John answered, saying to all” (L 3, 16 in the Marianus and Assemanianus).[6][2] In the Euchologium Sinaiticum избави мѧ господи отъ вⸯсего зъла “deliver me, Lord, from all evil” has a close parallel in the Old High German fonna allemo upila.[6]

Semantic evolution

The SJS separates the senses “all”, “every” and “whole”, the last two almost only in the singular, and refers to Jagič and Kurz for the alternation of вьсь with вьсѣкъ in the sense “every”.[6] The SNSP counts more than 3,000 occurrences.[2] Dyachenko glosses the Church Slavonic word with Russian весь and всякий.[7]

Meanings

Pronoun

  1. all; for πᾶς, ἅπας.[6][2][1][8]
  2. every, each (in the singular); for πᾶς.[6][1]
  3. whole, entire; for ὅλος.[6][1]

Word family

  • вьседръжѧ
  • вьседръжитель
  • вьсегда
  • вьселичьскꙑ
  • вьсемогꙑ
  • вьсесръдь
  • вьсевидѧ
  • вьсевладꙑка
  • вьсѣкъ
  • вьсьде
  • вьсьжде

вьсь2 village

Forms

вьсь (vĭsĭ) f, i-stem[1] The oldest manuscripts also write it въсь, вⸯсь, весь and всь.[2]

Etymology

The noun “village” is inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьsь (“village”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ-.[1] Derksen reconstructs *wiś- and *uiḱ-, an Indo-European root noun.[1][9] The same word is Russian весь (vesʹ) (obsolete), Czech ves, Slovak ves, Polish wieś, Upper Sorbian wjes and Slovene vas.[9][10]

Its relatives are Lithuanian viešpats (“lord”), Old Prussian waispattin (“housewife”) (accusative), Latvian viesis (“visitor”), Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) with οἴκαδε (oíkade, “homeward”), Latin vīcus (“village, quarter”), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs, “village”) and Avestan vīs-.[9][10][5][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospels it renders Ancient Greek χωρίον (khōríon, “place, estate”), as in приде же въ градъ самарьскъ нарицаемꙑ сухарь искрь вьси “he came to a town of Samaria called Sychar, near the estate” (J 4, 5 in the Zographensis, Marianus and Assemanianus), and Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”).[6][2]

Semantic evolution

The SJS gives the senses “village” (for κώμη, χωρίον and also χώρα and πόλις) and “farm, homestead” (for χωρίον), and a figurative use, несъмрътьнаꙗ вьсь “the immortal village”.[6] For κώμη in Mt 14, 15 the Savvina kniga has вьси where the Zographensis and Marianus have градьцѧ “small towns”.[6] The pair вьсь и градъ renders κωμόπολις “market town”.[2] Dyachenko marks the word as old Slavonic, “a village, a few homesteads”.[7]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A village; for κώμη, χωρίον.[6][2][1][8]
  2. A farm, homestead, estate; for χωρίον.[6][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
  3. ^ a b c d e Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 540
  4. ^ a b c Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 1, 304–305
  5. ^ a b Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 332
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
  7. ^ a b D'jačenko, Grigorij (1899), Polnyj cerkovno-slavjanskij slovar', Moskva
  8. ^ a b c Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 152
  9. ^ a b c Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 539
  10. ^ a b Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 1, 305