въпити

Forms

въпити (vŭpiti) impf^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъpìti (“to cry out”), a verb in *-iti from the zero grade *vъp-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *up-.^[2][1] The same word is Russian вопить (vopit’), Serbo-Croatian vàpiti and ùpiti, Slovene vpíti, and Czech úpěti. Bulgarian въпия (vǎpija) is a bookish word kept from the written tradition.^[2][3][4]

The root is compared with Latvian ūpêt (“to howl, of owls and wild pigeons”) and ūpuôt (“to call loudly”), Lithuanian ùpas (“echo”), ũpis (“eagle owl”), Old High German ūfo (“night owl”), Old Norse úfr (“owl”) and Avestan ufiieimi (“I call upon”).^[5][3][2][1] Wiktionary takes it from Proto-Indo-European *up-, from *wep-.^[1] Vasmer rejects Il'inskij's comparison with Lithuanian vapėti (“to chatter”), which the Bulgarian dictionary still lists, and keeps Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wōpjan, “to shout out”) apart, linking it with Russian вабить (vabit’); he also rejects Miklosich's view that the Slavic verb was borrowed from Gothic.^[3][4] Wiktionary notes the same Gothic comparison but finds that the root consonants do not quite match.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospels it renders Ancient Greek κράζειν (krázein, “to cry out”), as in она же паче въпиѣшете глаголѭшта • помилоуи нꙑ “but they cried out the more, saying: have mercy on us” (Mt 20, 31, Codex Marianus; also Codex Assemanianus and Savvina kniga).^[6] SNSP counts more than 100 uses.^[7]

Semantic evolution

The SJS gives one broad sense, “to call, to cry, to shout”, for a long list of Greek verbs: κράζειν and its compounds, Ancient Greek βοᾶν (boân) with ἐκβοᾶν (ekboân) and ἀναβοᾶν (anaboân), κραυγάζειν (kraugázein), ὀλολύζειν (ololúzein) and κηρύσσειν (kērússein).^[6] SNSP adds Ancient Greek ἐπιφωνεῖν (epiphōneîn) and even λέγειν (légein).^[7] SlaVaComp finds it for κράζειν and βοᾶν in the Euchologium Sinaiticum, and for βοάω (boáō) in the 14th-century Serbian Athonite translation of Gregory of Nyssa.^[8] Dyachenko glosses the Church Slavonic verb with Russian кричать “to shout”.^[9]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – въпити renders κράζειν and βοᾶν in the Euchologium Sinaiticum.^[8]
• 14th century – the Serbian Athonite translation of Gregory of Nyssa uses it for βοάω.^[8]

Meanings

Verb

1. To cry out, to shout, to call aloud; for κράζειν, βοᾶν, κραυγάζειν.^[6][7][1]
2. To scream, to wail; for ὀλολύζειν.^[6][1]
3. To proclaim; for κηρύσσειν.^[6]

Word family

• въпль
• възъпити
• привъпивати

Related words

• Russian вопить (vopit’)

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 532
3. ^ a b c Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 1, 349–350
4. ^ a b Georgiev, Vladimir I. et al. (eds.) (1971–), Bălgarski etimologičen rečnik, Sofija: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata akademija na naukite, p. 1, 207–208
5. ^ Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 335
6. ^ a b c d e Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
7. ^ a b c Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
8. ^ a b c SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de
9. ^ D'jačenko, Grigorij (1899), Polnyj cerkovno-slavjanskij slovar', Moskva