Etymology and origin of the Catalan word pecat
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1100s the Homilies d'Organyà More words from the 11th century
- Inherited from
- Latin peccatum
- Ultimate origin
- Latin peccātum
Etymology tree
From the same root
Forms
pecat m (plural pecats)[1] The medieval texts write both pecat and peccat;[2][3][4] Ausiàs March has peccat six times.[2][3][4]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin peccātum (“fault, error; sin”).[5][6][7][1] The Latin noun is the neuter past participle of peccō (“to err, to sin”).[8]
The same Latin word is Italian peccato, French péché, Occitan pecat, Spanish pecado, Portuguese pecado and Romanian păcat.[9][10]
Earliest recorded meaning
The noun is well rooted from the first literary texts: the Homilies d'Organyà urge the faithful to strive so that the sins they live in may leave them (que·ls pecats en què som nos lexen).[11][7]
Semantic evolution
Coromines finds the noun much more frequent than the verb pecar in Llull's work, a sign of how quickly it took root;[11][3] Llull already has mortal pecat.[11][3] As elsewhere in medieval Romance, pecat could also mean the devil: a 13th-century ordinance of the Templars speaks of a brother who falls into fornication at the instigation of los pecatz.[11] The form pecat is also the masculine past participle of the verb.[3]
The old dictionaries extend it to any fault against what is right or due, and to an excess of any kind.[12][13] The DCVB records the senses fornication and the genitals, and the GDLC an obscene word (dir pecats).[5][7] Fabra lists the phrases pecat mortal, venial, original, els set pecats capitals and és pecat “it is a pity”.[14]
Timeline
- 12th century – the Homilies d'Organyà.[7][11]
- 13th century – pecatz for the devil in an ordinance of the Templars.[11]
- Second half of the 13th century – Llull; first record in the CICA corpus, in the Diàlegs of Saint Gregory.[3][4]
- 1401 – the Recull d'eximplis: caygue en un peccat.[2]
- 1932 – Fabra's dictionary gives és pecat “it is a pity”.[14]
Meanings
Noun
- (religion) A sin, a transgression of the law of God or of a precept of the Church: Va confessar tots els seus pecats.[15][7][1]
- pecat mortal, a mortal sin;[15] pecat original, original sin;[15] els set pecats capitals, the seven deadly sins.[15]
- A moral fault of a particular kind: un pecat d'orgull.[16][5]
- és pecat: it is a pity.[15][14]
- (colloquial) A coarse or obscene word.[7]
Related words
Usage notes
Fabra quotes the proverbs pecat confessat és mig perdonat and qui ha fet el pecat que faci la penitència, and the phrase lleig com un pecat “very ugly”.[14]
References
- ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Faraudo de Saint-Germain, Lluís, Vocabulari de la llengua catalana medieval, online edition, Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, p. s.v. pecat
- ^ a b c d e f Nou glossari general lul·lià (NGGL), Centre de Documentació Ramon Llull, Universitat de Barcelona, https://nggl.ub.edu, p. s.v. pecat
- ^ a b c Torruella, Joan; Pérez Saldanya, Manuel; Martines, Josep (dirs.), Corpus Informatitzat del Català Antic (CICA), https://www.cica.cat, p. s.v. pecat
- ^ a b c Alcover, Antoni M.; Moll, Francesc de B. (1930–1962), Diccionari català-valencià-balear, 10 vols., Palma de Mallorca: Moll, p. s.v. pecat
- ^ Bruguera, Jordi (1996), Diccionari etimològic, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana, p. 691
- ^ a b c d e f Enciclopèdia Catalana, Gran diccionari de la llengua catalana (GDLC), Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana; online edition, https://www.diccionari.cat, p. s.v. pecat
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. peccātum
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6323
- ^ Mistral, Frédéric (1878–1886), Lou Tresor dóu Felibrige, ou dictionnaire provençal-français, 2 vols., Aix-en-Provence, p. 2, 512
- ^ a b c d e f Coromines, Joan (1980–2001), Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana, 10 vols., Barcelona: Curial / La Caixa (online ed., Institut d'Estudis Catalans 2024), p. 6, 359
- ^ Esteve, Joaquim; Bellvitges, Josep; Juglà, Antoni (1803–1805), Diccionario catalán-castellano-latino, 2 vols., Barcelona, p. s.v. pecat
- ^ Labèrnia, Pere (1839–1840), Diccionari de la llengua catalana ab la correspondencia castellana y llatina, 2 vols., Barcelona, p. s.v. pecat
- ^ a b c d Fabra, Pompeu (1932), Diccionari general de la llengua catalana, Barcelona: Llibreria Catalònia, p. s.v. pecat
- ^ a b c d e Institut d'Estudis Catalans (2007), Diccionari de la llengua catalana, 2nd ed. (DIEC2), Barcelona: Edicions 62; online edition with later updates, https://dlc.iec.cat, p. s.v. pecat
- ^ Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Diccionari essencial de la llengua catalana (DEIEC), online, https://deiec.iec.cat, p. s.v. pecat
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Pecat.” Etymologically, 13 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ca/pecat. Accessed 14 Nov. 2026.
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