hazard English · revision 130

5 Oct 2026, 22:00 by bogdan “Add pronunciation, sense history, timeline, meanings, word family, related words” current version
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+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ˈhæzəd/ ''(UK)''; /ˈhæzɚd/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)
+ 
  ==Etymology==
  From [[enm|hasard|t=a game at dice]],^(AHD)^(Etymonline) [[bor|fro|hasard]], ''hasart'' “game of chance played with dice” (12th century),^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) of uncertain origin.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) It is often traced via [[osp|azar]] to [[ar|اَلزَّهْر|tr=az-zahr|t=the die]],^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate) but this is doubtful because early evidence for ''zahr'' in this sense is lacking.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) The ''-d'' was added in French through confusion with the native suffix ''-ard''.^(Etymonline)
  
− The sense “chance of loss or harm, risk” is first recorded in the 1540s.^(Etymonline)
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ A game of chance played with dice.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In French the sense moved from the game to “chances in gambling” and then “chances in life”.^(Etymonline) In English the sense “chance of loss or harm, risk” is first recorded in the 1540s,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) followed by “chance, venture” (1583).^(OED 1989) The word also became a term in real tennis (1599) and golf, where it names an obstacle such as a bunker.^(OED 1989)^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 1300 – a game at dice.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)
+ * 1530 – verb, “to put at risk, to stake”.^(MW Collegiate)^(OED 1989)
+ * 1540s – “chance of loss or harm, risk”.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)
+ * 1583 – “chance, venture”.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1599 – in real tennis, the openings in the side of the court.^(OED 1989)
+ 
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A danger, or a source of danger.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Chance; an accident.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(golf)'' An obstacle such as a bunker.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)
+ # A dice game resembling craps.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ===Verb===
+ # To expose to risk.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To venture, as in ''to hazard a guess''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(OED 1989)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[hazardable]]
+ * [[hazarder]]
+ * [[hazardless]]
+ * [[haphazard]]
+ * [[hazardous]]
+ * [[unhazarding]]
+ * [[hazard light]]
  
  ==References==