vaccine English · revision 199
5 Oct 2026, 22:15 by bogdan “Add pronunciation, sense history, timeline, meanings, word family, related words” current version
Changes in this edit
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+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ˈvæk.siːn/ ''(UK)''; /vækˈsin/, /ˈvækˌsin/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)
+
==Etymology==
− It is [[bor|la|vaccīnus|t=of cows]], [[der|la|vacca|t=cow]].^(AHD)^(Wiktionary) The word comes from ''variolae vaccīnae'' “cowpox”, the term used by Edward Jenner in his treatise of 1798,^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)^(OED 1989) cowpox being used in early vaccination against smallpox.^(Wiktionary)
+ It is [[bor|la|vaccīnus|t=of cows]], [[der|la|vacca|t=cow]].^(AHD)^(Wiktionary) The word comes from ''variolae vaccīnae'' “cowpox”, the term used by Edward Jenner in his treatise of 1798.^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)^(OED 1989)
− The adjective is recorded in English from 1799 and the noun from 1803;^(OED 1989) the noun “matter used in vaccination” is partly from French ''vaccin''.^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ As an adjective, “of cowpox”, as in ''vaccine disease'' and ''vaccine matter'' (1799).^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Cowpox material was used in early vaccination against smallpox.^(Wiktionary)^(AHD) The noun first meant vaccination itself (1803),^(OED 1989) then the cowpox matter used in it (1846),^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and from 1882 any preparation of a disease agent used to produce immunity.^(OED 1989) The noun is partly from French ''vaccin''.^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate) In computing it also names software that protects against viruses.^(AHD)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1798 – Jenner's ''variolae vaccīnae''.^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ * 1799 – adjective, “of cowpox”.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1803 – noun, “vaccination”; verb, “to vaccinate”.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1846 – “matter used in vaccination”.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)
+ * 1882 – a preparation to produce immunity to a disease.^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, or part of one, given to produce immunity to a disease.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(historical)'' Cowpox material used to vaccinate against smallpox.^(AHD)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(computing)'' Software that protects against computer viruses.^(AHD)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of vaccination or cowpox.^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[vaccinee]]
+ * [[vaccinization]]
+ * [[vaccine point]]
+ * [[Sabin vaccine]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[unvaccinated]]
+ * [[vaccinate]]
+ * [[vaccination]]
+ * [[vaccinia]]
==References==